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Projets 2013

23 octobre 2013

ANR-12-BSV5-0003, coordination and contact Patrick Berthault - LSDRM.

This ambitious project aims at proposing the combined use of hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR, micro-fluidics and micro-coils as an ultra sensitive biosensing tool for diagnosis purposes.

Objectives and means

The final objective of this project is to integrate all developments and discoveries in an NMR lab-on-chip type system of general applicability for various in vitro biological diagnoses on commercial NMR spectrometers.

  1. Two main properties of the noble gas will be used:
    • the extraordinary receptiveness of xenon to its local environment in terms of NMR parameters and particularly chemical shift.
    • the huge gain in sensitivity afforded by the hyperpolarization
19 janvier 2013
ANR-FWF Project: NMR Investigation of MAGnetization-Induced Non-linear Effects

Globally large efforts are dedicated to improve the sensitivity of NMR mainly via two complementary approaches:

  • (i) increasing nuclear polarization by ever-increasing magnetic fields or more efficiently by exploiting transiently polarized species
  • (ii) improving the detection, in particular through the use of cold probes.

However these developments entail the appearance of new phenomena related to the non-linear evolution of nuclear magnetization in liquid samples (See for instance for a review in this field).

In most cases they result from the intricate combination of:

  • (i) the non-linear coupling between the nuclear magnetization and the detection coil (radiation damping)
  • (ii) the enhanced contribution of long-range magnetic interactions, not averaged out by the Brownian motion (distant dipolar fields, DDFs).

These effects are actually met in a wide range of other physical systems (such as Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluid 3He, or quantum entangled spin systems).

29 janvier 2013
Chemical switching of surface ferroelectric topology

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Project overview

The fundamental property of ferroelectric (FE) materials is their electrically switchable spontaneous polarization below the Curie temperature. However, the direction of the polarization in FE thin films is not only the result of an external electrical potential difference since it usually results from the minimization of the electrostatic energy in the whole sample. The polarization charge at the surface can be screened through a variety of mechanisms including extrinsic screening by adsorbate species, intrinsic screening by defects or free charge carriers in for example adjacent electrodes, surface and near surface structural changes (rumpling, relaxation and reconstruction) and by domain ordering which reduces the energy of the system by screening the depolarizing field through ordering of the FE domains with anti-parallel polarization.

  • The chemical potential can also switch the polarization.
  • Conversely, the polarization can influence surface chemical reactions.

It has been suggested that oxygen vacancies stabilize negative polarization, i.e. polarization pointing inwards. The topology of the surface FE order is therefore a complex interaction of the chemical and electronic environment.

In this project, photoelectron spectroscopy with energy, wave-vector and spatial resolution will be used to study the electronic and chemical structure of the FE topology and the mechanisms responsible for chemically induced switching. Surface composition by high resolution XPS and band structure determination by ARUPS will be compared with theory. Structural determination will include electron diffraction (LEED, RHEED) and X-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD), while the surface morphology, FE topology and chemistry will be assessed by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques and by low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoelectron emission microscopy (real and reciprocal space PEEM). The project will advance understanding of the electronic, structural, and compositional origins of chemical switching of polarization. It will explore the chemical potential-temperature phase diagrams through the use of atomic oxygen and vicinal surfaces. Finally, it will furnish an understanding of the switching chemistry vital to a wide range of applications such as ferroelectric enhanced catalysis and photolysis, chemical sensing, screening mechanisms in oxide based electronics.

Information

Funding

  • Project ANR Blanc International II - Edition 2012 - France/Roumanie

Coordination

Specifications

  • Funding amount : 332 837 euros
  • Project duration : 36 mois

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