The specificity of the group is the use of high-performing time-resolved spectroscopy. DNA and its constituents are fragile systems so particular care is taken with regards to excitation energy and sample handling. Time-resolved fluorescence (fluorescence decays, fluorescence anisotropy decays and time-resolved fluorescence spectra) can be recorded from 100 fs to 100 ns using a combination of two detection techniques; fluorescence upconversion and time-correlated single photon counting.