Thesis

To reduce the environmental and/or the energetic impact of vehicles, a favored method is to decrease the mass of prime materials used to build them, that being done without hindering their mechanical performances. In this field, the use of mechanical metamaterials has been a major breakthrough. These metamaterials, generally created using additive manufacturing techniques, have a microscopic truss structure. They are porous by design, and thus very lightweight, and the distribution of their microscopic beams or tubes (i.e. their architecture) can be chosen to make them as stiff as possible, making them choice candidates for high technology applications where the rigidity-density ratio is paramount, such as aerospatial research (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_microlattice).

For the most part however, metamaterials that have been designed up to now present periodical architectures. As a consequence, their mechanical behavior is inherently anisotropic, which makes them difficult to model using material mechanics conventional approaches, and strongly limits their usage in various possible fields of applications. In recent works, we have developped a new class of microlattice metamaterials with a random spatial distribution of beams, generated with a combination of random close packing and Delaunay triangulation algorithm then 3D-manufactured. These metamaterials show an isotropic mechanical behavior, and their stiffness-density ratio reaches the theoretical limit for porous materials. They are neverheless still fragile and subject to fracture and yielding.

The aim of this PhD project is to toughen these metamaterials based on techniques and mechanisms from polymer and soft matter physics. Our hypothesis is that including in a controlled statistical way structure heterogeneities, at the node level by modulating the connectivity or at the beam level by changing their section or shape, can allow toughening of the metamaterial. Indeed, localized heterogeneities can introduce mechanical dissipations in the network at various scales. The work of this project will consist in experiementally characterizing the mechanical properties of the metamaterials and to compare them to their homogeneous equivalent, and to describe their fracture resistance. Mechanical tests will be performed on an experimental setup conceived in the SPHYNX group. Analysis of the local and global deformation will be performed using different experiemental methods, in order to detect micro crack events with precision. An additionnal theoretical approach completed by numerical simulations based on fuse network and random beam models can also be discussed.

A strong interest for instrumentation and teamwork is requested for this project with a major experimental component. Proficiencies in experimental mechanics, material sciences and/or statistical physics are desirable. Some knowledge in modelization and numerical simulations are a bonus without being required. This project has both fundamental and applied interests and can help the student find prospects both in academia and in industrial opportunities.