When subjected to a strong perpendicular magnetic field, graphene displays signatures of the quantum Hall effect (QHE), where the bulk of the sample becomes insulating, while electronic current is carried along the edges by chiral and ballistic quantum Hall (QH) edge channels.
In this thesis, we have explored fundamental aspects of quantum Hall physics by taking advantage of the unique electronic properties of graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The ability to realize a Moiré super-lattice by aligning graphene with its boron nitride substrate gives rise to new topological states at high magnetic field, in which we have demonstrated the quantization of heat transport. The competition between electronic interactions and the spin and valley degrees of freedom of graphene provides several energy scales for the quantum Hall states, allowing an in-depth test of theoretical predictions on the role of disorder. Finally, the high quality and tunability of our device allowed us to engineer a sample architecture emulating and exploring the physics of equilibration between counter-propagating quantum Hall edge channels.