X-rays are used to investigate the structural properties of solids, liquids or gels. Photons interact with electrons, and provide information about the fluctuations of electronic densities in heterogeneous matter. A typical experimental set-up is shown on Figure : a monochromatic beam of incident wave vector is selected and falls on the sample. The scattered intensity is collected as a function of the so-called scattering angle 2 teta.
A high sensitivity Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS) experiment
High resolution calibrated Ultra Small Angle X-ray Scattering (USAXS) on a laboratory source
Molybdenum Wide Angle X-Ray Scattering (WAXS)
Laboratory experiments are increasingly composed of electronic hardware and computer controlled. In most cases the quality of the equipment (mechanical, electronics) is very good but the software is inadequate and not very flexible to the needs of researchers.
LIONS chose to use the open source control system TANGO developed by a collaboration of European synchrotrons ans scientific institutes (ESRF, SOLEIL...).
Mass spectrometry is an instrumental technique of analysis resting on the separation, identification and quantification of the components of a sample according to their mass. Thus atoms, molecules or aggragates are extracted in the form of ions, then sorted by a dispersive system: sector of electric or magnetic field, quadripolar filter or time of flight.
Les rayons X, rayonnement électromagnétique au delà de l'ultra-violet lointain, couvrent une gamme de longueur d'onde autour du dixième de nanomètre. Cette distance est de l'ordre de la distance entre atomes dans la matière condensée. Ainsi les rayons X peuvent interagir avec ces atomes (diffraction) ou les électrons (diffusion).
x-rays, electromagnetic radiation beyond the remote ultraviolet ray, cover a range wavelength around the tenth of nanometer. This distance is about the distance between atoms in the condensed matter. The diffraction of x-rays thus makes it possible to probe the matter, and to obtain information on the structure, the order and the composition of materials.
The microfluidics is the science and technology of systems that process or manipulate small amounts of fluids (nanoliter to attoliter), using channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Since a decade microfluidics is become a powerful tool for fundamental and applied researches. Microfluidics influence subject areas from chemical synthesis and biological analysis to optics and information technology.
