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Surface polarization charge in ferroelectric (FE) materials can be screened by a variety of mechanisms: intrinsic (charge carriers or defects in the bulk), extrinsic (chemical environment or adsorbates), domain ordering, or even a combination of the above. Chemisorption of OH- and protons can lead to important changes in the electrical boundary conditions and water film can play an active role in domain switching. Photo-generated charge carriers can also efficiently screen the surface and interface polarization charge and hence the depolarizing field. The photo-generated pair lifetimes depend on the FE surface topology and the polarization state can influence, for example, redox reactions
• IRAMIS: Saclay Institute of Matter and Radiation • Laboratory of Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces • Service de Physique et Chimie des Surfaces et des Interfaces
• Laboratory of Nanostructures Studies and Surface Imagery (LENSIS) • Laboratoire d'Etude des NanoStructures et Imagerie de Surface (LENSIS)