Résumé :

Les ordinateur quantiques / Quantum computers

In the last three decades, our ability to build and control quantum states has improved dramatically and could become the basis of a new form of numerical calculation. While these machines are still in their infancy  (no existing quantum computer can multiply 5 by 3), the hope is that for a very specific class of problem, they could be exponentially faster than their classical counterpart. In this talk, I will give an introduction to quantum computing from the point of view of a physicist. In particular I will emphasize how the main quantum computing ressource, entanglement, is also its biggest problem, decoherence.